压力诱导发光 未来可期

科技创新的根源是基于基础科学研究的提升,而“从0到1”的突破是需要长期的积累和灵感的。本文讲述了发现压力诱导发光这一新现象的思想和材料设计。     

基于PdSe2/GaAs异质结的高灵敏近红外光伏型探测器的制备和图像传感的应用

本文制备了一种基于PdSe₂/GaAs异质结的高灵敏近红外光电探测器，该探测器是通过将多层PdSe₂薄膜转移到平面GaAs上制成的. 所制备的PdSe₂/GaAs异质结器件在808 nm光照下表现出明显的光伏特性，这表明近红外光电探测器可以用作自驱动器件. 进一步的器件分析表明，这种杂化异质结在零偏电压和808 nm光照下具有1.16×10⁵的高开关比. 光电探测器的响应度和比探测度分别约为171.34 mA/W和2.36×10¹¹ Jones. 而且，该器件显示出优异的稳定性和可靠的重复性. 在空气中2个月后，近红外光电探测器的光电特性几乎没有下降，这归因于PdSe₂的良好稳定性. 最后，基于PdSe₂/GaAs的异质结器件还可以用作近红外光传感器.     

大规模合成具有氧空位的多孔Bi2O3用于有效降解亚甲基蓝

光催化降解有机污染物由于其具有低能耗和绿色环保的特点，已经成为研究的热点. 氧化铋纳米晶体的带隙在2.0∽2.8 eV之间，利用它催化可见光降解有机污染物具有较高的活性，从而引起了越来越多的关注. 尽管近年来已经开发了几种制备Bi₂O₃基半导体材料的方法，但是仍然难以用简单的方法大规模地制备高活性的Bi₂O₃催化剂. 因此，开发简单可行的大规模制备Bi₂O₃纳米晶体的方法对于工业废水处理的潜在应用具有重要意义. 本文通过蚀刻商用BiSn粉末，然后进行热处理，成功地大规模制备了多孔Bi₂O₃. 获得的多孔Bi₂O₃在亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解中表现出优异的活性和稳定性. 对该机理的进一步研究表明，多孔Bi₂O₃合适的能带结构允许生成活性氧物种，例如O₂^-·和·OH，可有效降解MB.     

Time-resolved photoluminescence study of excited states in nanostructured melanin

Abstract

Time resolved emission spectra (TRES), 3D maps of photoluminescence excitation-emission (PLE maps), 3D maps of TRES, and kinetics of photoluminescence (PL) spectra of natural and synthetic melanin, as well as melanin composites with surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, have been studied. The kinetics of PL and TRES for the melanin and the composites were investigated at low temperatures that allowed to discuss melanin’s intermolecular complexation, nano-aggregation and formation of charge transfer states. Particularly, the radiation of Frenkel excitons from fragments of different degrees of conjugation that are the parts of molecular nanodisks of melanin is observed. Furthermore, charge transfer excitons (CT-excitons) can be formed and observed at both room and helium temperatures. Some bands in the PL spectra of melanin, depending on temperature, behave like excimer radiation. The studies are aiming to understand the electronic properties of various melanins, particularly natural ones.     

Combined Spectroscopic and TD-DFT Analysis to Elucidate Substituent and Acidochromic Effects in Organic Dyes: A Case Study on Amino- versus Nitro-Substituted 2,4-Diphenylquinolines

A combined spectroscopic and TD-DFT case study was performed, to identify a robust method to calculate the complex near UV/Vis absorption spectra of various amino- vs. nitro-substituted 2,4-diphenylquinolines, which vary strongly under neutral and successively acidic conditions. For this, different DFT functionals were tested for geometry optimization and the TD part to calculate the neutral and different protonated species in a fast screening approach, i. e. using single point calculations in an implicit solvent. Offset-corrected M06HF, hitherto only applied to polymers, was identified as a suitable method to reproduce the absorption spectra in a reasonable fashion for all different substitution pattern and all different protonated species at different pH values; moreover, the method properly predicts the energetic ordering of low-lying n-π* and ππ* transitions, which is decisive for the non-/emissive nature of the different compounds. In all, this might provide a valuable tool for computer-aided design of related classes of compounds.     

Emergence of a non-Fowler-Nordheim-type behavior for a general planar tunneling barrier

In this work we investigate a generalized tunneling barrier for planar emitters at zero-temperature. We present the evidence of the emergence of a non-Fowler-Nordheim-type general behavior for the field emission current density in the case that the Fermi energy (μ) is comparable with or smaller that the decay width ($d_F$). Therefore, for some non-metals or materials that have very small Fermi energy the standard Fowler-Nordheim-type theory may require a correction. In the opposite regime, i.e., for μ much larger that $d_F$, we confirm that the conventional theory is suitable for metals.     

窄线宽光纤激光器在1030 nm波段实现3 kW近衍射极限输出

基于大模场面积掺镱光纤搭建了全光纤1030 nm高功率窄线宽光纤激光主振荡功率放大系统,实现了3004 W的最高功率输出,斜率效率69.27%,是目前报道的输出功率最高的1030 nm波段近衍射极限光纤激光器。最高输出功率时,x,y方向的光束质量因子分别为1.169,1.174,3 dB光谱宽度为0.18 nm,放大自发辐射抑制比达到37 dB。     

Absorption enhancement of ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells with frequency upconversion nanosphere arrays

A design of ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells patterned with α-NaEr_(0.2)Y_(0.8)F_4 upconversion nanosphere(NSs) arrays on the surface was proposed. The light trapping performance ofα-NaEr_(0.2)Y_(0.8)F_4 NSs with different ratios of sphere diameter to sphere pitch was systematically studied by COMSOL Multiphysics. The influence of different NS diameters and ratio to the average optical absorption of ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cell was calculated, as well as the short circuit current densities. The results show that the average optical absorption of solar cells with 2.33 μm silicon covered by α-NaEr_(0.2)Y_(0.8)F_4 NSs of 100 nm in diameter and 5.2 in ratio has improved by 8.5% compared to planar silicon solar cells with the same thickness of silicon. The light trapping performance of different thicknesses of silicon solar cells with the optimized configuration of NSs was also discussed. The results indicate that our structure enhances the light absorption. The presented model will be the basis for further simulations concerning frequency upconversion of α-NaEr_(0.2)Y_(0.8)F_4 materials.     

HL-2A装置中性束发射光谱 诊断系统的研制与测试

在HL-2A装置上完成了一套32通道束发射诊断系统(BES)，可对径向r=12~44cm, 极向-7.5~+7.5cm二维空间范围内的长波长()电子密度扰动信息进行测量，其时间分辨率达到0.5ms，空间分辨率1~2cm。系统由内置于真空室的非对称镜头组、传输光纤、高性能探测器模块以及辅助的冷却和真空设备构成。系统的噪声在低频时(f<100kHz)主要由散粒噪声贡献，在较高频率时由散粒噪声和e噪声共同决定。在典型的HL-2A装置放电模式中，对于200kHz以下的扰动，该系统的信噪比(SNR)均大于3。     

Computational Study on the Charge Transport and Optical Spectra of Anthracene Derivatives in Aggregates

A recent experiment [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017 , 56, 722–727] found that a (1 : 9) blend film of two anthracene derivatives, 2-fluorenyl-2-anthracene ( FlAnt ) and 2-anthryl-2-anthracence ( 2 A ), exhibit both efficient white light emission and high hole mobility, thus promising for organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs). Employing quantum chemistry at the polarizable continuum model (PCM) and the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) levels, we investigated the excited-state structures, optical spectra, band structure and the carrier mobility for FlAnt and 2 A from solution to aggregate phases. We suggest using the ratio of intermolecular excitonic coupling J and intramolecular excited state relaxation energy E to judge the bathochromic shift in optical emission in aggregates. For FlAnt , ρ=J/E is calculated to be less than 0.17, a critical value we identified earlier, and the spectra in solution and aggregate phases present quite similar features (blue emission). However, ρ is ∼0.5 for 2 A systems, and the calculated emission in the aggregate phase exhibits a remarkable bathochromic shift. In addition, the 0–0 emission is strongly suppressed in the herringbone stacking. These observations justify the experimental findings that (i) 2 A is blue emissive in solution but yellow-green in the aggregate phase, whereas FlAnt is always blue, and (ii) the blend of them show white emission. By using the “quantum nuclear tunneling” model we proposed earlier, we found the hole mobility for FlAnt and 2 A are 0.5 and 4.2 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, respectively, indicating both are good hole transport materials.